Chapter 2 GYROSCOPICACTIONS

注：mechanical开始解释成“机械的”，后来改为“力学的”，在有“机械”或“力学”的翻译处可能不通，不影响理解。

"The way in which Faraday made use ofhis lines of force in coordinating the phenomena of electric induction showshim to have been a mathematician of high order, and one from whom the mathematiciansof the future may derive valuable and fertile methods."

-JamesClerk Maxwell

法拉第用力线表示电感应现象展示了他已经是一个有很高水平的数学家，未来的数学家可能从他的方法中得到宝贵和丰富的方法。

-麦克斯韦

I will begin with thescientific facts concerning my initial reading in March, 1965 on the nature ofMichael Faraday's Generator.

我将从我在1965年3月开始读的迈克尔-法拉第的发电机中的科学事实开始。

Anyone who cannot recognizethe veracity of certain conclusions that I understood when I initially studiedFaraday's facts has been unjustly influenced by the teaching process whichrewards one for memorization and discourages questioning of the subject mattertaught.

所有人都没有认识到某些结论的真像，当我开始学习法拉第的研究时我已经明白了，这些事实被不鼓励质疑鼓励死记硬背的教学过程不公正的影响了。

As you read the followinglist of experimental facts concerning Faraday's generator, you will retrace thesteps of my initial readings during March 1965. With open eyes and an openmind, question for yourself what would happen under the conditions describedbelow.*

当你读下面的关于法拉第的发电机实验事实时，你将追溯我在1965年的步伐。打开双眼打开思想，问你自己在下面描述的情况下会发生什么。

The facts of Faraday’sGenerator:

1.        Push a conductor wire down andthrough a magnetic field at right angles to the lines of force and the electriccurrent will flow to the left as drawn.

注：以垂直力线的方向向下推导线通过磁场区域会产生向左的电流。

2.        Push a conductor up and througha magnetic field at right angles to the lines of force and the electric currentflows to the right as drawn (opposite to Figure 1 above).

注：如图2中运动导线会产生向右的电流。

3.        Flip over the magnet 1800and the direction of the electric current flow will be reversed from that ofFigures 1 and 2 above, although the direction and motion of the conductorremain the same (compare Figure 3 to Figure 1 and observe opposite results).

注：对换磁极，运动方向不变，电流方向变了。

4.        Push the conductor"down" or "up" in a motion parallel to, and through themagnetic lines of force: no electric current will flow despite a vigorous orenergetic pushing effort.

注：在和磁力线平行方向推导线不会产生电流，不管运动的多么快。

5.        However, although the conductorcan be very slowly pushed at right angles to the magnetic lines of force, theresulting electric current will move at the speed of light.

注：然而垂直磁力线方向运动，即使很慢，电流也会以光速产生。

6.        The conductor can bedisconnected from the ammeter, flipped over 180°, reconnected to the ammeter torepeat the same motions of the conductor through, and at right angles to themagnetic lines of force (as in Figures l - 3). Identical results of theelectric current flow will then be observed even though the conductor has beenflipped over 180°. (See Figures 5 and 6: the conductor in Figure 6 has beenflipped over 180° from that of Figure 5, yet the direction of current flow is identical.)

注：把导线和电表断开，翻转1800，接上电表，产生的电流和翻转前一样。说明电流的产生和导线没关系，只和导线的运动有关。

7.        The conventional teachingswould suggest that the above-discussed electric current flow was a result ofelectron flow in the conductor and that nothing came from the magnetic field. Also,conventional teachings states that the magnetic lines of force are imaginary,consisting of Potential Energy and no Kinetic Energy. [This claim was believedto be justified because no current flow was observed when the conductor was motionlessin a magnetic field. There is no merit to this position when one knows that one can vigorously move a conductor parallel to magnetic lines of force and nocurrent flow will occur.]

传统的教学会说上面的讨论的电流是电子在导线中流动的结果，和磁场没多少关系。另外，传统教学规定磁力线是想象出来的，只有势能没有动能。【这种说法被相信是因为导线在磁场中不动时没电流被观察到。这是没有任何价值的，因为当一个人猛烈的平行于磁场线移动一个导线时也没电流产生。】

注：有点电流产生和导线运动也没关系的意思。如果电流是动能转化来的，为什么要在磁场中，为什么还要有方向的运动。

8.        As I studied the above facts ofFaraday’s Generator, I concluded that the conventional teachings of No. 7 abovewere totally incorrect and that such a conclusion completely ignores the knownfacts presented by Faraday’s Generator.

当我学习到上述法拉第的电机的事实，我得出了一个结论，以上7种传统学说都是不正确的，这些学说完全忽视了法拉第的电机中出现的现象。

9.        Facts 1-6 above clearly proved tome that a magnetic field consists of:

上面1-6的事实清楚的证明磁场构成如下：

A.       particles which have mechanicalcharacteristics. I asked myself, "How else could these particles 'know' whichway to travel and why else would the direction of current flow be so dependentupon the magnetic field and totally independent of the conductor itself?”

有力学运动特性的微粒。我问自己，“这些微粒怎么‘知道’向哪条道运动，为什么电流方向这么依赖于磁场而不是导体本身？”

B.       particles moving at the speedof light within the magnetic field. The facts prove to me that one did not impart the velocity of light to electric current flow by moving a conductorslowly through a magnetic field. Rather, the facts demonstrated that the resultingelectric current flow consisted of an entity which already traveled at thespeed of light. The slow movement of conductor at right angles to that entityhad simply mechanically deflected the particle from its normal path. [Suchaction is similar to that of a bullet being deflected by hitting a metal plateor body of water at the proper angle which results in the bullet being deflectedfrom its original path.]

微粒以光速在磁场中运动。这些事实告诉我，不能通过缓慢移动导体通过磁场，来影响电流以光速产生。这些事实证明，作为结果的电流由以光速运动的实体组成。导体相对这种实体在正确角度的运动力学的使微粒偏离了它们原来的方向。【这样的运动和子弹通过在正确的角度撞击金属盘子或水体被偏移一样，结果是子弹从原来的路径偏移】

注：意思很明显，电流是被偏移了的一种实体，这种实体本来以光速运动，我们只是改变了它们的方向。

However, I was still puzzled. I asked myself, "Why did the up and down motion of the deflectingconductor produce opposite-direction deflection of this mechanically-naturedparticle which moved at the speed of light? Why did the deflection reverse whenthe magnet was flipped over 180°? And why, when the conductor moved parallel tothese mechanically natured particles (which were moving at the speed of light),was no current flow produced?" This latter question indicated to me that no proper deflection of the particles occurred in the mechanical position offorce of the conductor.

Also, I asked myself,"When the conductor was motionless in the magnetic field (consisting ofparticles with mechanical characteristics and moving at the speed of light),why was no current flow produced?" This observation indicated that therewas no proper deflection of the particles occurring in the mechanical positionof the conductor.

同时，我问自己，“当导体在磁场（由有力学特性的以光速运动的微粒组成）中没有运动时，为什么没有电流产生？”这个观察指明，在导体的力学的位置没有真正的微粒偏移发生。

10.    Summation of my thoughts in the early months of 1965:

10.1965年前几个月的总结：

Faraday had invented an important invention - the electric generator - but he had invented an inefficientinvention because one always obtained less energy from a system than the energyput into that system: yet, the facts clearly showed that the system consistedof an orderly flow of Kinetic Energy. This Kinetic Energy consists of amechanically-oriented particle which moves at the speed of light. Therefore I knewthat in order to construct the proper technological mechanism which couldutilize this energy, I must simply understand the essence of the entire system.

In addition to making myliving by other successful inventions, the next three years consisted of thousands of hours of testing, studying, and thinking to search for the truth concerning the nature of this mechanically- oriented particle. During thistime, the same question dominated my thoughts: How did the particles of amagnetic field "know" which way to travel? In retrospect, the answeris extremely simple, but seemed very difficult to me at the time since I had never taken a physics course and had been teaching myself many varied subjects.

除靠另外一个发明谋生外，以后的三年由几千个小时的实验、学习、思考组成，研究关于这种自然的机械化微粒的真像。在这期间，同一个问题困扰着我：磁场粒子如何“知道”走哪个路径？回想起来，答案是如此简单，但似乎对我来说太难了，因为我从没有上过物理课也没有自学那么多科目。

At this time in my life, I beganto work on another invention consisting of a flywheel which acted as a"mechanical storage battery" for a bicycle. This flywheel caused thebicycle to automatically react as a "wheelie.”  Such "stored mechanical energy"within the flywheel suggested to me the stabilizing influence of a gyroscope. I then became fascinated with understanding the essence of the gyroscope andthereafter I learned the answer to the questions dominating my thoughtsconcerning the explicit, mechanical characteristics of the particles comprisinga magnetic field and traveling at the speed of light.

我生命里的这段时间，我开始研究另一个发明，它由一个调速轮组成，就像一个自行车的机械存储电池。调速轮引起自行车如平行特技反应。这些调速轮中的机械能量暗示我陀螺仪的稳定影响。我之后沉迷于对陀螺仪本质的理解，之后这找到了我一直关心的问题的答案，关于以光速运动的组成磁场的粒子的力学特性。

注：可以看陀螺仪的一些特性视频，很神奇。

11.    These particles consist of agyroscopic mechanical action which can be operationally (mechanically)understood and predicted! Let the following facts prove or disprove thisTheory:

这些粒子以陀螺仪方式运动，这可以用于真实的理解和预测一些事！这下面的事实证明或推翻这个理论：

Figure 11-A Move a conductordown at a right angle to a magnetic field and the current flow moves left.

图 11-A 在与磁场成直角方向，向下移动一个导体，产生向左的电流。

THE ANALOGY OF THE ABOVE TWO EXAMPLES IS SCIENTIFICALLY EXACT!

Figure 11-B Move theconductor "up" at right angles to the magnetic field and the current flowsright and opposite to Figure 11-A above.

注：力的方向改变了

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Figure 11-Bl Apply an upwardforce to the axis of the spinning gyroscope and it will pivot at right anglesto the force. In this case, the gyroscope pivots right and opposite to Figure11-A1 above. Now imagine that this gyroscope has a forward direction at thespeed of light.

注：力的方向改变了

AGAIN, THE ANALOGY OF THE ABOVE TWO EXAMPLES IS SCIENTIFICALLYEXACT!

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Figure 11-B Flip the magnetsover 180° and repeat the actions of Figure 11-A above. The current flowdirection will be right and opposite to that of Example 11-A even though theforce direction is the same.

图 11-B 对调磁场方向重复图11-A中的动作。电流方向向右，和11-A相反，虽然力的方向一样。

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Figure 11-C1 Flip thespinning gyroscope over 180°. Repeating the actions of Figure 11-Al above, thegyroscope will pivot at right angles to the force,  but will now pivot  right and opposite to that of Figure 11 –A1above, even though the force  directionis the same. Now imagine that this gyroscope has a forward direction at thespeed of light.

注：陀螺仪对调方向，进动方向变得相反。其实是旋转方向变了。

AGAIN, THE ANALOGY OF THE ABOVE TWO EXAMPLES IS SCIENTIFICALLYEXACT!

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Figure 11-D Repeat theactions of Figure 11-B and the current flow will be left and opposite to Figure11-B even though the force direction is the same.

注：看图

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Figure 11-D1 Repeat theactions of Figure 11-Bl: the gyroscope will pivot at right angles to the force,but will now pivot left and opposite to Figure 11-B1 even though the forcedirection is the same. Now imagine that this gyroscope has a forward directionat the speed of light.

注：看图

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Figure 11-E Move theconductor vigorously "up" and “down" through the magnetic field,maintaining the conductor force parallel to the magnetic tines of force and nocurrent flow will result.

注：看图

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Figure 11-E1 Apply an"up" and "down" force parallel to the axis of the spinninggyroscope. Regardless of how energetically the force is applied, as long as theforce remains parallel, the gyroscope will not pivot even though it has a forwardmotion at the speed of light.

注：看图

AGAIN, THE ANALOGY OF THE ABOVE TWO EXAMPLES IS SCIENTIFICA LLYEXACT!

"Theseparticles consist of a 'gyroscopic mechanical action ' which can beoperationally (mechanically) understood and predicted!”

“这些粒子以陀螺仪方式运动，可以解释和预言很多事实！”

F.The reason that a stationary conductor in a magnetic field (generated by andconsisting of gyroscopic particles spinning and moving at the speed of light)does not produce current flow is very simple. The fundamental Laws for theMathematics of Probability (Statistics of Large Numbers) states that as many ofthe gyroscopic particles will pivot left as pivot right due to the randommotion of the atoms comprising the conductor. Such action causes a cancellationeffect. The same is true if, from all directions, one randomly applies a forceto the axis of a spinning gyroscope. It simply will not pivot if the randomforces are fast.

在一个磁场（由的陀螺仪式的粒子以光速旋转和运动产生）中一个静止的导体不产生电流的原因很简单。统计学说明大量的陀螺仪式粒子将向左或右进动，归因于导体中原子的无规则运动。这种运动会抵消效果。如果从各方向施加力到旋转陀螺仪的一端也是一样的。如果随机的力很快它将不会进动。

AGAIN,THE ANALOGY OF THE ABOVE TWO EXAMPLES IS SCIENTIFICALLY EXACT!

G.When one brings a conductor "down" or "up" at right anglesto a magnetic field, the random motion of the atoms within the conductor doesnot affect the system because there is a general drift direction of the"up” and "down" force applied to the gyroscopic particlescomprising a magnetic field. This effect is similar to an airflow consisting ofgas molecules in random motion within the airflow, but also possessing ageneral drift direction which will apply a force to a windmill, etc. If theairflow ceases, however, the windmill will not turn even though the moleculesof gas - while still moving at high velocities - are nonetheless in a randommotion which cancels the force applied to all sides of the windmill.

当相对于磁场在垂直于磁场方向上下移动导体时，导体内的无规则运动的原子不影响整个系统，因为一个大致的上下方向的力作用于组成磁场的陀螺仪粒子。这种效果和气流相似，气流由无规则运动的气体分子组成，但一个大致的方向可以带动风车等。然而，如果没有气流风车不会转动，即使气体分子依然以很高的速度在运动，但无规则的运动会抵消作用于风车的作用力。

Thesame effect is true if one applies a random force to the axis of a gyroscope.If the random force has a given drift direction of force, the gyroscope willpivot at right angles to that drift directional force.

AGAIN,THE ANALOGY OF THE ABOVE TWO EXAMPLES IS SCIENTIFICA LLY EXACT!

Atthis point in time, the facts I had assembled had convinced me that my initialthoughts in 1965 were indeed correct. A magnetic field does consist of discreteparticles which move forward at the speed of light and possessmechanically-identifiable characteristics which are identical to thosepossessed by a gyroscope. Such characteristics can be mechanically understoodand predicted.

这时，我收集到的实事使我深信不疑我1965年的想法是正确的。磁场是由不相连的粒子组成，它们以光速运动，有明显的力学特性，和陀螺仪的特性一致。这样的特性可以被力学的理解和预测。

Bythis time, however, I also mechanically explained other questions which I hadconceived regarding the nature of a magnetic field. Questions such as:

这时我同时力学的解释了另一些问题，我设想的关于自然界中的磁场。问题如下：

Why,in a mechanical sense, does a magnet attract and repel other magnets?

在力学的意义上，为什么磁体会吸引和排斥别的磁体？

Why,in a mechanical sense, do electric charges attract and repel?

在力学的意义上，为什么电荷会吸引和排斥？

Whatis the energy in a magnetic field and what is its source?

磁场中的能量是什么，它们的源头是什么？

Did the energy used in creating a permanentmagnet have any bearing upon the strength or energy contained within a magneticfield emitted from the permanent magnet once it was made?

制作永磁体的能量和一但永磁体制作完成而发出的磁场中的能量或力量有关？

1.        In the early part of 1965, Ieagerly researched the known facts concerning the creation of a permanentmagnet. Because I instinctively knew that if the strength of a magnetic fieldwas solely relative to the energy input, then I would know I was incorrect. Butif the strength of the magnetic field was independent of the energy input, thenI would be even more assured that I was correct.

在1965年早期，我深入的研究了已知的关于制作永磁体的事实。因为我本能的知道，如果磁场的强度只和输入的能量相关，那么我将是错的。但如果磁场强度和输入能量无关，那么我将更确定的我正确性。

Uponexamining the known facts concerning permanent magnets, I again knew I wascorrect and such facts are listed as follows:

通过上面对关于永磁体已知事实的调查，我又知道我是正确的，这些事实列在下面：

A.       For a given energy input intovarying materials of identical volume, the generated strength of the magneticfield varies drastically!

对于给定的输入能量和各种相同质量的材料，产生的磁场强度是变化非常大！

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The same electrical energyinput created extremely variable field strengths! I therefore instantly knewthat the strength of the magnetic field had to be a result of the nature of theatoms comprising the material and not a result of the electrical energy input.

同样的电能输入创建了各种各样的场强！因此我马上知道，磁场强度一定是组成材料原子的自然结果，而不是电能输入的结果。

B.       The facts further demonstratedthat the strength of the magnetic field was observed to increase as more atomswithin the material became aligned!

事实证明磁场强度被观察到和材料的原子数量成线性正相关！

注：材料加一倍，强度加一倍。

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FACT B therefore furthercorroborated FACT 12-A above as being correct.

C.       The facts also taught that oncethe maximum atom alignment of a given material was achieved, then no amount ofelectrical input would continue to increase the magnetic field of thatmaterial! (See Figure 12-B2 above.)

事实同样说明，一旦给定材料的原子完全排序完成，输入再多的电能也不会增加材料的磁场强度！

It was obvious to me fromthis conclusion that the strength of the magnetic field of a given material wasnot relative to the electrical energy input. Once the maximum atom alignment ofa material was achieved, one could increase the energy input 1000 times and therewould be no increase in the strength of the magnetic field of the permanentmagnet. Therefore, FACT 12-C further corroborated FACT 12-A above.

这个结论明显的告诉我，磁场强度和输入的电能无关。一旦给定材料的原子完全排序完成，输入能量大1000倍永磁体的磁场强度也不增加。因此，上面的事实12-C进一步证实了12-A。

D.      The facts also taught that ifone took a permanent magnet (such as in Figure 12-01 below) which has a strongmagnetic field and heated the magnet to its Curie temperature, the magneticfield would virtually disappear! (See Figure 12-D2 below.)

事实同样说明如果一个人将一块有很强磁场强度永磁铁加热到它的居里温度，磁场将消失于无形！

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Again, it was obvious to methat the magnetic field disappeared in Figure 12-D2 because the heat inputcreated a random atomic motion and non-alignment within the material. One canclearly see that in Figure 12-D2 one is transferring energy into the system ofthe magnetic material, i.e., one is not taking energy from the magneticmaterial and yet the magnetic field virtually disappears.

对我来说这是很显而易见的，图12-D2的磁场消失，因为加热使原子无规则运动，材料中没有了排序。可以清楚的看到图12-D2中，传入能量到磁体材料系统中，从中没得到磁体材料上的能量，可以磁场消失于无形。

2.        The conclusions which I drewfrom the above FACTS l- 12D clearly proved to me the following:

从上面FACTS l-12D中得到的结论清楚的证明下面的结论：

A.    The energy in a magnetic field is the energy which comprises thecomponent parts of the atoms from which the energy comes!

B.    The energy in a magnetic field is therefore literally Einstein’sEquation of E = MC2 !

C.  The energy in a magnetic field must be movingin a direction at the speed of light and must also have a gyroscopic spin atthe speed of light: herein lies the mechanical essence of E = MC2 !

A.磁场能量来自原子中的组成部分！

B.磁场中的能量真正的符合爱因斯坦的方程E = MC2

C.磁场中的能量一定在一个方向上以光速运动，一定是以光速陀螺仪式的快速旋转：这是E = MC2力学的本质！

The Kinetic Energy of amoving particle is 1/2 MV2. If the particle is moving with speed Vand also rotating about its axis at speed V, then the total Kinetic Energy is 1/2 MV2 (for forward motion)plus  1/2 MV2 (for therotational motion [not  1/2 Iw2])which equals MV2 . If V is equal to C, then the total Kinetic Energyis equal to MC2 (Hypothetically, this particle is mathematically aninfinitely small entity which, in a literal and mechanical sense, moveslaterally and rotationally to generate a gyroscopic [spiral] helix effect.)

运动中的粒子的动能是1/2 MV2。如果粒子以速度V运动并绕轴线以V做圆周运动，总有动能是1/2 MV2（前进运动）加1/2 MV2（圆周运动[不是1/2 Iw2]）等于MV2。如果V等于C，总动能是MC2（假想，粒子是算术无穷小的粒子，在字面和力学意义上，横向运动并且象陀螺仪一样螺旋效应的旋转）。

E.       The literal and mechanicalconfiguration of a magnetic field is simply a result of the summation of atom alignmentwithin the material from which the magnetic field is generated.

字面和实际磁场的结合是生成磁场的材料原子排序的总结的简单结果。

F.       At this time, I had alsomechanically explained why electric charges as well as magnets attracted and repelled.(Conventional teachings only state that "like" magnetic poles repeland "unlike" magnetic poles attract. It is also said that"like" electrical charges repel and "unlike" electricalcharges attract. This is a superficial analysis.) The answer to such attraction/repulsionis simple. The gyroscopic spin has a mechanical action which causes theobserved results and can be mechanically understood and predicted.

这时，这已经力学的解释了为什么电荷也和磁体一样会吸引和排斥。（传统教学只说“同”极排斥，“异”极相吸。也说“相同”电荷排斥“相异”电荷吸引。这是肤浅的分析。）吸引/排斥的答案很简单。陀螺仪式旋转会产生一种力学行为，这引起观察到的结果并可力学的理解和预测。

E.    The same conventional and superficial analysis was also appliedto electric charges, i.e., "like" charges repel and"unlike" charges attract. My mechanical explanation concerningelectric charges was developed 3/2 years before I understood the gyroscopiccomposition of magnetic fields. In essence, I mechanically viewed the electriccharges as rotating arrows file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image011.pngsimilar to the mechanics of gearinteraction. This enabled me to easily envision and draw the mechanical effectsof attraction and repulsion. However, I did not call this mechanical effect ofattraction and repulsion a gyroscopic effect since (at that time) I had stillnot studied gyroscopes. Upon understanding gyroscopes, I instantly understoodthat the mechanics I had originally drawn for electric charges was a gyroscopicaction. The fact that the same mechanical explanation for gyroscopic actionexplained both magnetism and electric charges made me even more certain of thecorrectness of the mechanical explanation. [Electric charges consist ofmillions (plus) of gyroscopic particles and such charges will be discussed inmore detail in a later chapter (Sections 29 A-M) discussing gravity.] At thispoint, you should first intellectually master the concept and mechanical natureof magnetism.

同样传统肤浅的分析也用于电荷，“相同”电荷排斥“相异”电荷吸引。我的关于电荷的力学的解释在一年半以前，在我理解磁场陀螺仪式的组成以前。本质上，我力学的把电荷看作旋转的箭头， 和机械中的齿轮运动相似。这可以让我很容易想象的画出吸引和排斥的力学效果。然而，我没有把这种吸引和排斥的力学效果叫做陀螺仪效果，那时我还没学习陀螺仪理论。自从理解了陀螺仪，我马上理解我原来对电荷描绘的力学是陀螺运动。实际上，对陀螺仪的力学解释同样是磁场和电荷的力学解释，使我更加确信这种力学解释的正确性。[电荷由无数陀螺粒子组成，这样的粒子将在后面讨论重力时详细讨论。]这时，你应该第一时间熟知这个观念和磁性的力学原理。

The following two pages ofdrawings describe MAGNETS IN REPULSION and MAGNETS IN ATTRACTION, (as  well  aselectrical  repulsion  and attraction),  visually explaining  the discussion  in  13A-E. These drawings have been unselfishly produced for me by_ Mr. Evan R.Soule', Jr. (talented artist and teacher). See also the following pagespresenting a Technical Description of the drawings. This Technical Descriptionwas also unselfishly written by Mr. Evan R. Soule', Jr. from informationdeveloped by me, with the purpose being that if Mr. Soule' could understandwhat I have taught, then as an experienced teacher he could put forth thisinformation so that you, the reader, would also understand.